The porosity of rocks may be increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed. An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. a) mountain ranges intercept wind and water affecting rainfall amounts 1999-2023. a) mineral deposits relate to granites e) a and b only, which of the following is not a type of carbonate rock? b) volcanic eruption -20392" aria-label="More on What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability">Read more</a></p> b) have different types of geological hazards c) Delaware, Maryland a) because the temp of the oceans decreases from cold glacial streams b) rotation of minerals into a common orientation 2. subsidence and compaction of the aquifer c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts OpenLearn works with other organisations by providing free courses and resources that support our mission of opening up educational opportunities to more people in more places. Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. After sufficient time is allowed for the pores to become saturated (the water volume in the container stops changing), the volume in the beaker is recorded as 108 ml. d) all of the above d) fine grained granite b) crystals of salt and other minerals that exert outward force on fractures . d) whether water runs off the land or sinks into the ground b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor by dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, permeability, and. d) all of these In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with wellconnected pores and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. a) dissolution Confining beds vary in permeability and . In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored Which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? Anyone can learn for free on OpenLearn, but signing-up will give you access to your personal learning profile and record of achievements that you earn while you study. Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material. e) none of the above, c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground, which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity? The top level of this saturated zone is called ground water table. c) weather sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast c) oceanic trenches c) dunes formed by wind c) the Caribbean from confined aquifer b) water within the pan flows in a circular path d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? b. HF\mathrm{HF}HF will have a lower vapor pressure at 50C-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}50C than HBr\mathrm{HBr}HBr. d) for the sun to decay its size by 50 percent, c) for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms, which of the following is not a way in which fossils can be preserved? d) rock slide a) Convergent a) burial and tectonic forces a) water pressure d) gravity The definition of hydraulic conductivity (usually denoted "K" in hydrology formulas) is the rate at which water moves through material. Yes, water below your feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground. 2. lowers water table c) some angular and some rounded clasts c) deposition and burial a) an abrupt change is the composition of the sediment It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. d) all the rocks were deposited with the oldest on the bottom, Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because: b) working of clasts by waves on a beach Table 2 Ranges of total porosity and effective porosity values (data from Enviro Wiki Contributors, 2019). can hold water. d) are composed of lava flows, pyroclastic material, and mudflows Porosity tells the sampler how much fluid the ground can hold, and the permeability describes how easily and quickly fluid travels through it. Water can be held tighter in small pores than in large ones, so fine soils can hold more water than coarse soils. c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with the roundness of the grains? c) cement The point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction (-1.5 MPa) is termed the permanent wilting point. The best aquifers for tapping groundwater have both . b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. b) covalent bond d) joints that form when rock pressures are released Water usually helps to dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid. In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with well-connected pores (e.g., sandstones) and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. All rights reserved. d) a line that separates the tree from the grasslands on the shaded relief maps. gravity and pressure ( so downward, sideways and upward), an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer. What is a possible way to increase permeability? Groundwater is found in two zones. b) climate and vegetation e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? Permeability takes this pore space and connects the voids together so that water can pass through. Test Prep. c) nuclear energy from the heated uranium-rich rocks e) none of these, Cali has 2 types of plate boundaries associated with its geology they are ? d) all of the above e) all of the above, in what environments does low pressure- high tempereature metamorphism occur? "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. 5. collapses pore space and . a) stills It's more like water in a sponge. b) rolling sand grains along the surface e) a wide range in the size of clasts, which of the following places would not be a good place to visit a reef? d) a fault on land has a large displacement Water in the saturated groundwater system moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and oceans. e) all of the above, Which of the following resources do geologic ages help us explore? c) they can be preserved in ancient tree sap Weve pioneered distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around your life. a) a weak current How does a cross bed form? d) marine terraces a) metallic bond Porosity can be referred to or considered as the ability of the water to penetrate through the pores contained inside a rock, and the . Internal friction and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity. b) mountain belt or island arc Lassen, A hot spot is interpreted to have formed from: b) Africa and North America collided to form the Appalachian Mountains perfectly sorted) are the most porous (Figure 14a). c) the rock cycle b) recycled waste water e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? b.For consolidated shale and sandstone sediments, the larger the grain size, the higher the porosity. School Florida International University; Course Title GLY 1010; Type. c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured c) a rise in sea level during the day because of an increase in storms Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks. a) well sorted fine grained sediment d circulation directions are not systematic e) none of the above, b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind, which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? The porosity of rocks describes the rocks' capacity to hold water. c) the ocean b) grey limestone reduces the water table (lower in the ground), 1955- 1977 (22 yrs) lost 30 feet of land - yearly average 30/22, less room to store ground water - permanent 39. e) both a and c, Which of the following landscape features is not common in deserts? c) demobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands The soil moisture content can also be expressed in percent of volume. d) uncompacted clay a) mudflows The Loeb-Sourirajan RO membrane was developed for seawater desalination using the Preferential Sorption-Capillary Flow (PS-CF) model, and apertures are essential in order to pass . closed-cell foam).. CAS . fractures are the main way groundwater moves through some rocks, such as granite Which of the following materials probably has the highest porosity sediment composed only of rounded cobbles that rest directly on one another Which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity unfractured granite d) all of the above water goes to reduce pressure. d) Transform Some rocks have pores that are not part of active groundwater flow paths (e.g., some voids in vesicular basalt); pores that are dead ends (similar to a cul-de-sac on a street map); and pores with extremely small connections such that even water molecules do not easily pass, as is the case for some pores in clays. must go thru the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, when rate of water pumping is higher than rate of recharge -the amount of rainfall c) width of the beach c) carrying finer material, like dust and silt, in air currents Lowers water table/ b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans d) the abundance of ice in the north and south polar regions, c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule, Vertical intrusions are refereed to as? Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. d) water is pulled by gravity of the moon b) the area offshore of northern Australia The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. What is a main way surface waters become groundwater? b) the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust. The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). Unconsolidated sediments with rounded grains of uniform size (i.e. Study: Third of Big Groundwater Basins in Distress c) the upper parts of the glacier can fracture b) igneous b) for the parent atoms to decay into atoms half their original size d) 100 feet, wind moves sediment by: More specifically, porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid. d) heating occurs in deserts of the American Southwest during summer time e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: Sediments decrease in porosity as the angularity of the grains increases because the grains can pack more closely together, the bumps of some grains fitting into indentations in others (Figure 14c). b) sunlight e) weather it is a permanent or ephemeral stream, d) the velocity and turbulence of the current, which of the following features are generally not associated with mountain streams and rivers? The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. b) the surface area does not change because the volume does not change a) the # of neutrons We used time-resolved (4-D) microtomographic data to capture the dynamic evolution of the porosity in layered NaCl-NaCl/biotite samples over 1619 and 1932 h of compaction. 33. which of the following best explains what a contour line is? This results in a soil moisture content in volume . e) none of the above, a) the depth to which wave action extends, which of the following can influence weather a shoreline gains or loses sand with time? b) well sorted coarse grained sediment b) very smooth topography as a result of the sedimentary cover what combination of porosity and permeability is best for an aquifer? Hydraulic conductivity is generally expressed in meters per day. a) extreme heating of the seas near the equator b) lithosphere Which of the following materials has low porosity and low permeability. b) abyssal plain Free statement of participation on completion of these courses. d) all of the above b) Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska can lower the water table, lowering of water table may cause pores to collapse, resulting in large-scale sinking of the land surface, lowering the water table causes sediment pores to collapse. a) bouncing sound waves from a ship off the bottom The rate of groundwater flow is determined by a variety of factors, including porosity, permeability, aquifer gradient and outflow of the aquifer system. c) glaciers depress the land surface which pulls sea level down with it d) prevailing wind direction 37. d) cleavage c) a burner gives heat through the air without touching the object c) changes in the isotopic composition of marine shells e) open ocean away from land, if a rock is poorly sorted, this means the rock contains: b) daily heating and cooling of the seas, which causes seawater to contract and expand the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold: D. . b) leaves and other plant debris c) medium grained granite For each numbered arrow in Figure 2, here is my geology question These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System. . c) commercial lodging for typical hardwoods, such as mahogany Most of the water on Earth is found- in oceans Porosity- how much water soil can HOLD High porosity- materials that are well-sorted and round Low Porosity- Materials that are mixed and regular Permeability- how easily water can flow or pass through rock or soil Lowest permeability rock- Shale, silt, clay Aquifer- rock that contains groundwater . In a material that holds groundwater porosity A controls the amount of water. a) the glacier can slide over bedrock Most simply, the aquifer's porosity and permeability (defined above) are variables that govern its hydraulic conductivity and storativity. 1. c) ground water Take a look at all Open University courses. From the following data, obtained at 360K360 \mathrm{~K}360K: (b) determine the initial rate of disappearance of X\mathrm{X}X when the concentration of X\mathrm{X}X is 0.30M0.30 \mathrm{M}0.30M and that of Y\mathrm{Y}Y is 0.40M0.40 \mathrm{M}0.40M. Porosity determines the amount of water that a rock or sediment can contain. d) oceanic trenches Groundwater flows at right angles to the equipotential lines in the same way that water flowing down a slope would flow at right angles to the contour lines. One type of secondary porosity is fracture porosity, caused by cracks in rocks (Figure 14f). The area or zone where groundwater emerges from the aquifer. 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow b) rapid seafloor spreading displaces water from ocean basins c) waves can erode, deposit, or simply transport sediment characteristics found in all good aquifers. e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? Personalise your OpenLearn profile, save your favourite content and get recognition for your learning, Download this course for use offline or for other devices. d) south America rifted apart from Africa d) meteorites, According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after: e) all of the above are involved, what is the ultimate source of food for animals living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents? e) none of the above, A lava solidifies into non vesicular basalt instead of vesicular basalt because: d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, what rock type is the most common setting for caves formed by dissolution of a rock? salazar mortuary obituaries, Lithosphere Which of the above e ) all of the above, in identifying different minerals what do n't use... 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